结论

兜底条款可以译为 catch-all provisions 或者 open-ended provisions，前者更为常见。

什么是兜底条款？

在列举式文本中的最后一个概括条款，指暂时未出现、或者未能想到的其他情形。

刑法中的兜底条款，是指刑法在无法穷尽法条需要描述之情形时所规定的具有防止犯罪行为人逃脱法网功能的条款，具有抽象性、模糊性和概括性等特征，在刑法分则中往往以“其他……”方式对列举事项作总括性规定。

例如，2020《刑法》第225条列举了非法经营罪的4种情形，前3种是具体的行为，第4种的概括性的兜底条款。

英文平行文本

在 Model Business Corporation Act (2016 Revision) 中，将兜底条款称为 catch-all。

  • The list of documents in section 1.22 includes all documents that are authorized to be filed with the secretary of state under the Act. The catch-all in the last item of the list will apply to any document for which a state does not establish a specific filing fee.

类似的，Kirkland & Ellis 律所在其通讯文章中，将兜底条款称为 catch-all provisions。

  • The Reynolds case highlights the importance of not unduly relying on catch-all provisions to “clean up” leftovers from more specific provisions — and conversely not assuming that exclusions from a specific provision still will be picked up by the general provision — because of the ambiguity as to which term governs.

而在另一家律所的法律通讯中，则将兜底条款称为 “open-ended” or “catch all” sentence。

  • Many agreements list a number of events and then end with an “open-ended” or “catch all” sentence that says something like “… or anything else whatsoever that prevents performance.”

参考资料

  1. 遵循三项规则准确适用刑法兜底条款，成都铁路运输检察院
  2. Reconciling Overlapping General and Specific Contract Terms, Kirkland & Ellis
  3. Foreseeability Standard For "Open-Ended" - "Catch-All" Provisions
  4. “Catch-All” Can’t Catch ‘Em All: Seventh Circuit Finds Coverage for a BIPA Claim Despite Catch-All Provision in Policy’s Statutory Violation Exclusion

关于作者

Joey Zhang，译者/法学学士，持有中国法律职业资格，长期从事法律翻译及商业翻译，个人最新简历可点击此处查阅。也可以通过以下平台联系我：LinkedIn、豆瓣、知乎、小红书

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